A piano quintet is a chamber musical ensemble comprising one piano and four other instruments, or music composed for or played by such a group. In European classical music, the piano quintet most commonly consists of one piano, two violins, a viola, and a cello—that is, a piano with a string quartet.
Classical and Early Romantic Periods
The combination of piano and four strings first arose during the Classical period, when piano concertos were sometimes performed by piano with string quartet (two violins, a viola, and a cello) accompaniment. [1] However, Classical and early Romantic chamber music was rarely composed for this combination of instruments. More commonly, chamber works for piano quintet, such as the piano quintets of Johann Nepomuk Hummel (1802), Franz Schubert (The Trout, 1819), and Louise Farrenc (1839, 1840), were composed for the grouping of piano, violin, viola, cello and double bass.[2] [3]
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart and Ludwig van Beethoven each composed a quintet for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon. These are more often referred to as "quintets for piano and winds" so as to distinguish them from compositions for piano and four strings.
Schumann and the Later Romantic Period
By the middle of the Romantic period, piano quintets combining a piano with a string quartet emerged as an important form of musical expression. Robert Schumann's Piano Quintet (1842), although not strictly the first chamber work written for this combination of instruments,[4] was immediately popular and widely imitated, virtually creating "a new genre, with a specific aura of Romanticism." [5] The piano quintets of Franz Berwald (1853, 1857), Joachim Raff (1862), Johannes Brahms (1864), César Franck (1882), and Antonín Dvořák (No. 2, 1887) fostered the dominance of Schumann's model.[4] Hermann Goetz's piano quintet (1874), however, is scored for the old-fashioned combination of piano, violin, viola, cello and double-bass.
Twentieth Century
In the twentieth-century, notable piano quintets along the lines of the Schumann model were produced by composers with strong connections to the Romantic idiom, including Gabriel Fauré (1905, 1921), Edward Elgar (1918) and Dmitri Shostakovich (1940).
Other composers of piano quintets have experimented with novel combinations of instruments. George Rochberg's piano quintet (1975) calls for the conventional combination piano and string quartet, but his Electrikaleidoscope (1972) is scored for flute, clarinet, violin, cello & piano/electric piano.[6]
List of Compositions for Piano Quintet
The following is a partial list of compositions for piano quintet. All works are scored for for piano and string quartet unless otherwise noted.
- Thomas Adès
- Elfrida Andrée
- Anton Arensky
- Piano Quintet in D major, Op. 51 (1900)[7]
- Grażyna Bacewicz
- Piano Quintet No. 1 (1952)[8]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 (1965)[8]
- Béla Bartók
- Arnold Bax
- Piano Quintet in G minor (1915)
- Amy Beach
- Ludwig van Beethoven
- Piano Quintet in E flat major, Op. 16 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon; 1796)
- Franz Berwald
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1853)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in A major (1857)
- Ernest Bloch
- Piano Quintet No. 1 (1923)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 (1957)
- Luigi Boccherini
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.1 in E minor, G 407
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.2 in F major, G 408
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.3 in C major, G 409
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.4 in E flat major, G 410
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.5 in D major, G 411
- Piano Quintet Op. 56 No.6 in A minor, G 412
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.1 in A major, G 413
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.2 in B flat major, G 414
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.3 in E minor, G 415
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.4 in D minor, G 416
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.5 in E major, G 417
- Piano Quintet Op. 57 No.6 in C major, G 418
- Alexander Borodin
- Piano Quintet in C minor (1862)
- Johannes Brahms
- Frank Bridge
- Piano Quintet in D minor (1905, revised 1912) ([9])
- Elliott Carter
- Quintet for Piano and String Quartet (1997)
- George Whitefield Chadwick
- Piano Quintet in E flat major (1887)
- Ernő Dohnányi
- Antonín Dvořák
- Edward Elgar
- George Enescu
- Louise Farrenc
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in A minor, Op. 30
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in E major, Op. 31 (both with double bass)
- Gabriel Fauré
- Morton Feldman
- Piano and String Quartet (1985)
- Zdeněk Fibich
- Quintet for Piano, Violin, Clarinet, Horn, and Cello in D major, Op. 42 (1893)
- Ross Lee Finney
- Two Piano Quintets (no. 2 written 1961)
- César Franck
- Eduard Franck
- Wilhelm Furtwängler
- Hermann Goetz
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 16 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1874)
- Karl Goldmark
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in B flat major, Op. 30 (1879)[11]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in C sharp minor, Op. 54 (1914?5? published 1916)
- Otar Gordeli
- Sofia Gubaidulina
- Reynaldo Hahn
- Piano Quintet in F sharp minor (1921)
- Roy Harris
- Heinrich von Herzogenberg
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 17 (1876)
- Johann Nepomuk Hummel
- Piano Quintet in E flat minor, Op. 87 (for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass)
- Vincent d'Indy
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 81 (1924)
- Shigeru Kan-no
- Piano Quintet WVE-180f (2002)
- Charles Koechlin
- Piano Quintet Op. 80 (1917–21)
- Joonas Kokkonen
- Erich Wolfgang Korngold
- Piano Quintet in E major, Op. 15 (1921)
- Lowell Liebermann
- Quintet for Piano and Strings Op.34 (1990)
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- Bohuslav Martinů
- Piano Quintet, H. 35 (1911)
- Piano Quintet No. 1, H. 229 (1933)
- Piano Quintet No. 2, H. 298 (1944)
- Giuseppe Martucci
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 45 (1878)
- Nikolai Medtner
- Piano Quintet in C major (begun 1903, finished 1949)
- Krzysztof Meyer
- Piano Quintet op. 76 (1991)
- Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
- Piano Quintet in E flat major, K. 452 (for piano, oboe, clarinet, horn and, bassoon; 1784)
- Vítězslav Novák
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 12
- Leo Ornstein
- Nikolai Peyko
- Hans Pfitzner
- Piano Quintet in C major, Op. 23
- Walter Piston
- Quincy Porter
- Joachim Raff
- Piano Quintet in A minor, Op. 107 (1862)
- Alan Rawsthorne
- Max Reger
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in C minor (1897-8)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in C minor, Op. 64 (1901-2)
- Carl Reinecke
- Piano Quintet in A major, Op. 83 (by 1865)
- Ottorino Respighi
- Piano Quintet in F minor (1902)
- Josef Rheinberger
- Piano Quintet in C, Op. 114
- Nicolai Rimsky-Korsakov
- Quintet in B flat major for Piano and Winds (1876)
- George Rochberg
- Electrikaleidoscope for flute, clarinet, violin, cello & piano/electric piano (1972)
- Piano Quintet (1975)[13]
- Miklós Rózsa
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 2 (1928)
- Anton Rubinstein
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 99 (1876?)
- Camille Saint-Saëns
- Franz Schmidt
- Piano Quintet (left-hand) in G major (1926)
- Florent Schmitt
- Piano Quintet in B minor, Op. 51 (1908)
- Alfred Schnittke
- Franz Schubert
- Piano Quintet in A major, D. 667 (popularly called the Trout Quintet; for piano, violin, viola, cello, and double bass; 1819)
- Robert Schumann
- Giovanni Sgambati
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in F minor, Op. 4 (1866) [14]
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in B flat major, Op. 5
- Dmitri Shostakovich
- Jean Sibelius
- Christian Sinding
- Piano Quintet in E minor. Op. 5 (1882-84)
- Louis Spohr
- Piano Quintet No. 2, Op.130 (1845)
- Charles Villiers Stanford
- Piano Quintet in D minor, Op. 25 (1886)[15]
- Josef Suk
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 8 (1893, rev. 1915)
- Sergei Taneyev
- Piano Quintet in G minor, Op. 30 (1911)
- Boris Tchaikovsky
- Ludwig Thuille
- Piano Quintet in G minor, w/o Op. (1880)[16]
- Piano Quintet in E flat major, Op. 20 (1901)[17]
- Ernst Toch
- Piano Quintet, Op. 64 (1938)
- Louis Vierne
- Piano Quintet in C minor, Op. 42 (1917)
- Anton Webern
- Douglas Weiland
- Piano Quintet, Op. 8 (1988)
- Mieczysław Weinberg [Моисей Самуилович Вайнберг]
- Piano Quintet in F minor, Op. 18 (1944)
- Charles-Marie Widor
- Piano Quintet No. 1 in D minor, Op. 7 (1881?)
- Piano Quintet No. 2 in D, Op. 68[18]
- Yitzhak Yedid
- Piano Quintet 'Since My Soul Loved', (2006)
- Piano Quintet Enrique Granados A la Cubana Op.36
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See also
Further reading
- Basil Smallman (1994) The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style Structure, and Scoring, New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-816640-0.
External Links
Public Domain Piano Quintet Scores from IMSLP
References
- ^ Randel, Don Michael, The Harvard Dictionary of Music, p. 699.
- ^ Smallman, Basil The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring , p. 3.
- ^ Smallman, Basil The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring , p. 26.
- ^ a b Ostwald, Peter F. Schumann: The Inner Voices of a Musical Genius., p. 174
- ^ Smallman, Basil The Piano Quartet and Quintet: Style, Structure, and Scoring, p. 53.
- ^ George_Rochberg#Chamber George Rochberg
- ^ http://www.abeillemusique.com/produit.php?cle=16883
- ^ a b "Bacewicz Worklist". Polish Music Information Center. 1998-2003. http://www.usc.edu/dept/polish_music/VEPM/bacewicz/bac-wrks.html. Retrieved 6 August 2009.
- ^ http://www.trevor-bray-music-research.co.uk/Bridge%20LinB/ap3lofw_122.html
- ^ http://www.musicweb-international.com/classrev/2002/Aug02/Furtwangler_quintet.htm
- ^ "Goldmark Quintets". http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/goldmark-piano-quintet-1.htm. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ^ Alan Rawsthorne: A Bio-Bibliography at Google Books. p. 33.
- ^ Rochberg, George; Gene Rochberg. Five Lines, Four Spaces: The World of My Music at Google Books. p. 111.
- ^ "Description Page - Sgambati First Piano Quintet". Edition Silvertrust. http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/sgambati-piano-quintet-1.htm. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ^ "Description Page - Stanford Piano Quintet". Edition Silvertrust. http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/stanford-piano-quintet.htm. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ^ "Description of Disc with Both of Thuille's Quintets". http://recordsinternational.com/cd.php?cd=04I005. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ^ "Description Page - Thuille Piano Quintet in E flat". Edition Silvertrust. http://www.editionsilvertrust.com/thuille-pno-quintet.htm. Retrieved 4 August 2009.
- ^ IMSLP
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